clades

clādes, is ( gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:

cladum,

Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. klaô, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius].

I.

Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,

A.

In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;

class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas,

Lucr. 6, 1125:

dare late cladem magnasque ruinas,

id. 5, 347:

etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori,

id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25:

et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis,

id. Sest. 13, 31:

cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

captae urbis Romanae clades,

Liv. 5, 21, 16:

publica,

Tac. A. 14, 64:

tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit,

Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191:

plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra),

Liv. 8, 2, 8:

quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades!

Lucr. 5, 48:

aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli,

id. 5, 369:

agrum omni belli clade pervastat,

Liv. 22, 4, 1:

colonias belli clade premi,

Curt. 9, 7, 22:

colonias omni clade vastare,

id. 4, 1, 10:

majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat,

Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132:

per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est,

of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38:

quo tantae cladis pretio,

i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57:

recens,

the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.:

Lugdunensis,

the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.:

si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,

without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.— Poet.:

cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris,

Ov. M. 9, 176:

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—

B.

Esp.

1.

In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:

ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent,

Sall. J. 59, 3:

exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit,

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos,

Verg. A. 12, 556:

quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit,

Curt. 4, 12, 15;

so freq.: accipere cladem,

to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17;

22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta,

Quint. 9, 2, 62:

classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit,

Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7:

postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies,

Liv. 25, 19, 16:

omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata,

id. 29, 3, 8:

non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades,

id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4:

tantā mole cladis obrui,

Liv. 22, 54, 10:

terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur,

Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5:

binaque castra clade unā deleta,

Liv. 30, 6, 6:

exercituum,

Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet,

Verg. A. 2, 362:

Germanica,

Tac. H. 4, 12:

Variana,

id. A. 1, 57:

Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur,

id. H. 1, 50. — Poet.:

ut barbarorum Claudius agmina... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—

2.

Of the plague:

inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades,

Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.:

sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium,

Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—

3.

Of the loss of a limb:

Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum,

Liv. 2, 13, 1.—

II.

Transf.

A.

Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:

geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae,

Verg. A. 6, 843:

haec clades,

of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—

B.

Of dissolute morals, corruption:

fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.